Don't panic. This is where the verb chart you downloaded
http://www.ambar-eldaron.com/english/verbs_chart.html
earns its keep.
Past
Tense always ends in –ë.
Forming
Past Tense:
Basic
verbs: The ending depends on the last letter of the verb:
–r– → –rnë
–m– → –mnë
–p– → –mpë
–t- → –ntë
–c–,–k– → –ncë,
–nkë
–l– → –llë
car–
(make) → carnë
(made)
tam–
(tap) → tampë
(tapped)
map–
(grasp) → mampë
(grasped)
quet–
(speak) → quentë
(spoke)
tak–
(fasten) → tankë
(fastened)
qual–
(die) → quallë
(died)
A-stem
verbs: Replace –a
(or sometimes –ya)
with –anë.
lanta (fall) → lantanë (fell)
There
are a number of verbs with “irregular” past tense forms – forms
that don't strictly fit the pattern. For past tense, you
probably want to always look up the forms from the chart mentioned
above. The point is that now that you know what a past tense
verb usually looks like, you realize that “sendë”, “rëantë”
and “lendë,”
for example, look (correctly) like past tense forms of
something.
sendë ←
ser– (rest)
rëantë ←
raita– (smile)
lendë ←
lelya– (travel)
Aside:
English
verbs aren't really much better. Look at the examples above. We
have already used the English past tenses make/made, speak/spoke, and
fall/fell. Did you think to yourself, "Of course 'tap' becomes
'tapped' and not 'taped'"?
Practice – Your Turn
Highlight the shaded boxes to see the answers.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│
useful
vocabulary
│
│ mar-
live (at a location) (past tense marnë) │
│ rista-
cut
(past tense ristanë) │
│ Alqualondessë
in Alqualondë
│
│ orva
apple
│
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Aldandil lived in
Alqualondë. Aldandil
marnë Alqualondessë.
Aldandil and Calanar lived
in Alqualondë. Aldandil
ar Calanar marnër Alqualondessë.
Halla
cut apples. (yesterday)
Halla
ristanë
orvar.
Halla and Narwë cut
apples. (yesterday) Halla
ar Narwë ristanër
orvar.
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