Here is a concise summary of the case endings.
Partitive
Basic
Singular
Dual
Plural
Plural
Nominative (subject)
(basic
word) -t,
-u -(i)li -r,
-i
Accusative (direct
object)
(basic
word) -t,
-u -(i)li -r,
-i
Dative ("to",
"for", indirect object)
-(e)n -nt,
-uen -(i)lin -in
Genitive ("of",
"from", sometimes implies origin)
-o -to,
-uo -(i)lion -ron,
-ion
Possessive
("belonging to")
-va,
-wa -twa, -uva -(i)líva
-va, -wa
Locative ("on",
"in")
-(e)ssë -tsë,
-ussë -(i)lissen -(i)ssen
Ablative ("from",
"out of")
-(e)llo -lto,
-ullo -(i)lillon -(i)llon
Allative ("to",
"into")
-(e)nna -nta,
-unna -(i)linnar -(i)nnar
Instrumental ("caused
by", "done by")
-(e)nen -nten,
-unen -(i)línen -inen
Extra Material for the Geeks:
Partative
Plural has alternate forms of the case endings:
Locative: -(i)lissë or -(i)lissen
Abblative: -(i)lillo or -(i)lillon
Allative: - -(i)linna or -(i)linnar
Locative: -(i)lissë or -(i)lissen
Abblative: -(i)lillo or -(i)lillon
Allative: - -(i)linna or -(i)linnar
Extra Material for the Geeks:
Analysts
agree that a noun ending in a consonant needs a vowel added between
the end of the noun and the case ending, but they do not always agree
whether that vowel should be an -e- or -i-.
In
Quenya as spoken in Middle-Earth, probably since the end of the First
Age, V and W were generally pronounced the same (as V).
So the fact that the possessive is spelled -wa after a
consonant, but -va after a vowel would be an obscure point of
archaic spelling that would make sense only to the handful of people
who learned Quenya (archaic, Valinorian Quenya) in their youth in the
Blessed Lands.
No comments:
Post a Comment