Saturday, January 5, 2013

About the Quenya Language - Part 2

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Read as much or as little of this chapter as you like.
 

“External” History

Tolkien was fascinated with languages, and even as a boy enjoyed inventing his own languages.   He worked on what became “Quenya” and “Sindarin” for half a century, constantly changing elements.   There are many examples where Tolkien's notes from one year contradict his notes from a different year.   His notes show many examples where he thought of a name for a character or a place, and then considered many possible “meanings” for that name.   Each “meaning” he considered then required changing the meanings of other related words.   For example, he was constantly revising what the "gorn" in Aragorn and Celegorn's names meant.   Pronouns and prepositions were subject to a lot of changes.

Since Tolkien kept making changes to his languages throughout his entire life, how do we decide which version to use?   Often people use the latest dated version, unless something was published in Lord of the Rings or Silmarillion, in which case the published version usually sticks.   Fans don't always agree about which version to use.

Tolkien was personally very interested in the way languages change over time.   He spent a great deal of effort on the relationship between Quenya and Sindarin, and between Valinorian and Third Age Quenya.   There is no evidence that he was bothered by the gaps he left in Elvish vocabulary.   For example, he never specified a Quenya word for “water as a substance”.   (“Nen” refers to a body of water, but it is unclear whether you can have a cup full of nen.)

There are two important – and frustrating – conclusions:
  • Tolkien did not leave a consistent, definitive Quenya language.
  • The Quenya language that Tolkien left is missing some useful words.

During and after Tolkien's lifetime, his fans have been attempting to understand and use his Elvish languages.   I generally follow Ardalambion's (http://folk.uib.no/hnohf/quenya.htm) interpretations.   However, you may find other people who take different interpretations.   In many cases, there is evidence for each viewpoint, and no single “right” answer.  

On the other hand, there is no shortage of people who toss a few words of Tolkien's “Elvish” into an otherwise made-up language.   RealElvish has compiled lists of reliable language sites.

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